issue brief
Cancer Research
What is cancer? Cancer is any malignant growth or tumour caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. It is widely believed that damaged DNA and genes are the ‘driving force’ behind the development of cancer and they are therefore the focus of cancer research. Unlike in healthy cells, damaged DNA is not capable of repair...Read More
Cancer Treatment
Cancer is any malignant growth or tumour caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.Read More
Cannabis – Medicinal Use
What is Cannabis? Cannabis is a durable hemp plant. The cannabis plant can be used to produce a number of products including seeds, pulp, and medicine. The pulp is used as fuel and to make paper, the seed is used in foods, and the oil from the seed can be used as a base for...Read More
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment is the use of the death penalty by the state.Read More
Carbon offsetting
Carbon offsetting aims to achieve an overall net reduction in greenhouse gases. Rather than reducing carbon emissions, individuals and businesses are encouraged to compensate for their emissions to achieve a carbon neutral net result.Read More
CCTV
What is CCTV? ‘CCTV’ stands for closed circuit television. CCTV is used for a number of monitoring and surveillance purposes, but is mainly used for security purposes. CCTV involves the use of an unmanned, remotely mounted video camera system, transmitting live pictures back to a television screen where developments can be monitored and recorded. Background...Read More
Channel Tunnel
The Channel Tunnel, also known as 'Euro-tunnel' (or 'Chunnel'), is a series of three tunnels (two carrying, one service tunnel) linking the southern coast of England near Folkestone to the northern coast of France outside Calais.Read More
Child Abuse
Child abuse is a generic term describing the physical or mental mistreatment of anyone under the age of 16.Read More
Child Poverty
Child poverty, as with poverty itself, is a complex notion to define precisely.Read More
Child Support Agency
The Child Support Agency (CSA) is an executive agency of the Department for Work and Pensions, which is responsible for administering the system of child maintenance under which non-resident parents are required to pay towards the upbringing and support of their children.Read More
Civil Liberties
Civil liberties are basic rights and freedoms granted to citizens of a country through national common or statute law.
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Class Sizes
"Class size" is a statistical measure employed by the Department for Education which measures the number of pupils taught in a class during a single selected period of a particular school day. This day is usually set to be in January each year to coincide with the Annual School Census.Read More
Climate Change
During the last century, concern has grown about the pace at which climate change has been progressing and the extent to which human activity may be aggravating and distorting natural processes.Read More
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy (CCL) is an environmental tax on energy supplies to industry, commerce, agriculture, local administration and a number of other services. It does not apply at all to domestic energy supplies.Read More
Cloning
Cloning is one of the most controversial areas of scientific research of recent times. The term 'cloning' means the asexual reproduction of identical copies of an original, and it is human cloning (and to a lesser extent animal cloning) for reproductive purposes that causes considerable public disquiet.Read More
Common agricultural policy
The key objectives of the common agricultural policy (CAP), as enshrined in the EU treaties, are to: Increase agricultural productivity thus to ensure a fair standard of living for agricultural producers; stabilise markets; assure availability of supplies; ensure reasonable prices to consumers.
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Common Fisheries Policy
The European Union's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was adopted in 1983, with the objective of ensuring that declining fish stocks are exploited responsibly - protecting the environment and the interests of the fishing industry and consumers.Read More
Common Foreign and Security Policy
The Maastricht Treaty of 1993 allows the EU to develop a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), covering all areas of foreign and security policy.Read More